Variable magnification optical system, optical device, and method for producing variable magnification

ABSTRACT

Comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group G 1  having positive refractive power; a second lens group G 2  having negative refractive power; an aperture stop S; a third lens group G 3  having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group G 4  having positive refractive power; upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, the distance between the first lens group G 1  and the second lens group G 2 , the distance between the second lens group G 2  and the aperture stop S, the distance between the aperture stop S and the third lens group G 3 , and the distance between the third lens group G 3  and the fourth lens group G 4  being varied, and the distance between the aperture stop S and the fourth lens group G 4  being constant; and a predetermined conditional expression being satisfied, thereby providing a variable magnification optical system which is compact in size and has a high variable magnification ratio and high optical performance, an optical apparatus, and a method for manufacturing a variable magnification optical system.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a variable magnification opticalsystem, an optical device, and a method for producing the variablemagnification optical system.

BACKGROUND ART

There has been proposed a variable magnification optical system whosemost object side lens group has positive refractive power and which issuitable for an interchangeable lens for a photographing camera, anelectronic still camera, a video camera or the like, for example, inJapanese Patent application Laid-Open No. 2008-292562.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT Patent Document

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent application Laid-Open Gazette No.2008-292562

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problem to be Solved by the Invention

However, in the conventional variable magnification optical system asdescribed above, there was a problem that, even if it was intended toattain high magnification ratio without making large in size,sufficiently high optical performance could not have been realized.

The present invention is made in view of the above-described problem,and has an object to provide a variable magnification optical systemthat is downsized and has high variable magnification ratio and highoptical performance, an optical apparatus, and a method formanufacturing the variable magnification optical system.

Means for Solving the Problem

In order to solve the above-mentioned object, according to a firstaspect of the present invention, there is provided a variablemagnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side: afirst lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens grouphaving negative refractive power; an aperture stop; a third lens grouphaving positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group havingpositive refractive power;

upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, adistance between the first lens group and the second lens group, adistance between the second lens group and the aperture stop, a distancebetween the aperture stop and the third lens group, and a distancebetween the third lens group and the fourth lens group being varied, anda distance between the aperture stop and the fourth lens group beingconstant; and

the following conditional expression being satisfied:5.300<f1/Fw<8.000where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state, and f1 denotes a focal length of thefirst lens group.

Further, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there isprovided an optical apparatus equipped with the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first aspect of the present invention.

Further, according to a third aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a variable magnification optical system comprising, in orderfrom an object side: a first lens group having positive refractivepower; a second lens group having negative refractive power; a thirdlens group having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens grouphaving positive refractive power;

upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, adistance between the first lens group and the second lens group, adistance between the second lens group and the third lens group, and adistance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group beingvaried; and

the following conditional expression being satisfied:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state, d3w denote a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the third lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the fourth lens group in the wide angle end state, andd3t denote a distance from the most image side lens surface of the thirdlens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lens groupin the telephoto end state.

Further, according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there isprovided an optical apparatus equipped with the variable magnificationoptical system according to the third aspect of the present invention.

Further, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a method for manufacturing a variable magnification opticalsystem comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens grouphaving positive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; an aperture stop; a third lens group having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group having positive refractivepower;

the method comprising the steps of:

constructing the first lens group to satisfy the following conditionalexpression:5.300<f1/fw<8.000where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in a wide angle end state, and f1 denotes a focal length of thefirst lens group; and

constructing such that, upon zooming from the wide angle end state to atelephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and theaperture stop, a distance between the aperture stop and the third lensgroup, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lensgroup are varied, and a distance between the aperture stop and thefourth lens group is constant.

Further, according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a method for manufacturing a variable magnification opticalsystem comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens grouphaving positive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; a third lens group having positive refractive power;and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power;

the method comprising the steps of:

constructing the third lens group and the fourth lens group to satisfythe following conditional expression:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in a wide angle end state, d3w denote a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the third lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the fourth lens group in the wide angle end state, andd3t denote a distance from the most image side lens surface of the thirdlens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lens groupin a telephoto end state; and

constructing such that, upon zooming from the wide-angle end state tothe telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and thethird lens group, and a distance between the third lens group and thefourth lens group are varied.

Effect of the Invention

According to the present invention, there are provided a variablemagnification optical system which has high variable magnificationratio, is compact in size and has excellent optical performance, anoptical apparatus, and a method for manufacturing a variablemagnification optical system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are sectional views showing a variable magnificationoptical system according to a First Example that is common to a firstand a second embodiments of the present application, in a wide angle endstate, in an intermediate focal length state and in a telephoto endstate, respectively.

FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are graphs showing various aberrations of thevariable magnification optical system according to the First Example ofthe present application upon focusing on an infinite distance object, inwhich FIG. 2A shows various aberrations in the wide-angle end state,FIG. 2B shows various aberrations in the intermediate focal lengthstate, and FIG. 2C shows various aberrations in the telephoto end state.

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are sectional views showing a variable magnificationoptical system according to a Second Example that is common to the firstand second embodiments of the present application, in a wide angle endstate, in an intermediate focal length state and in a telephoto endstate, respectively.

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C are graphs showing various aberrations of thevariable magnification optical system according to the Second Example ofthe present application upon focusing on an infinite distance object, inwhich FIG. 4A shows various aberrations in the wide-angle end state,FIG. 4B shows various aberrations in the intermediate focal lengthstate, and FIG. 4C shows various aberrations in the telephoto end state.

FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are sectional views showing a variable magnificationoptical system according to a Third Example that is common to the firstand second embodiments of the present application, in a wide angle endstate, in an intermediate focal length state and in a telephoto endstate, respectively.

FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are graphs showing various aberrations of thevariable magnification optical system according to the Third Example ofthe present application upon focusing on an infinite distance object, inwhich FIG. 6A shows various aberrations in the wide-angle end state,FIG. 6B shows various aberrations in the intermediate focal lengthstate, and FIG. 6C shows various aberrations in the telephoto end state.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of a camera equipped with avariable magnification optical system according to the first embodimentor the second embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart schematically showing a method for manufacturingthe variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing a method for manufacturingthe variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application.

EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, an optical apparatus and a methodfor manufacturing the variable magnification optical system areexplained below.

The variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application is characterized in that thesystem comprises, in order from an object side: a first lens grouphaving positive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; an aperture stop; a third lens group having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group having positive refractivepower, and upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto endstate, a distance between the first lens group and the second lensgroup, a distance between the second lens group and the aperture stop, adistance between the aperture stop and the third lens group, and adistance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group arevaried. With such configuration, the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application canrealize the zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end stateand can suppress variation in each of the distortion, astigmatism andspherical aberration in association with the zooming.

The variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application is also characterized in that,upon zooming from the wide angle end state to the telephoto end state,the distance between the aperture stop and the fourth lens group isconstant. With such construction, the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application cansuppress variation in the astigmatism and variation in the comaaberration, occurring in the third lens group in association with thezooming.

Further, the variable magnification optical system according to thefirst embodiment of the present application is characterized in that thefollowing conditional expression (1) is satisfied:5.300<f1/fw<8.000  (1)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state; and f1 denotes a focal length of thefirst lens group.

The conditional expression (1) defines a proper range of the focallength of the first lens group. The variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application cansuppress the variation in the spherical aberration and the variation inthe astigmatism upon zooming, by satisfying the conditional expression(1).

When the value of f1/fw is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (1) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberrationand the variation in the astigmatism occurring in the first lens groupupon zooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageous effectof the present application, it is more preferable to set the lower limitvalue of the conditional expression (1) to 5.900. Moreover, in order tostill further ensure the advantageous effect of the present application,it is still more preferable to set the lower limit value of theconditional expression (1) to 6.135.

On the other hand, when the value of f1/fw is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (1) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application, in order to obtain a predetermined variablemagnification ratio, it is necessary to make larger an amount ofvariation in the distance between the first lens group and the secondlens group upon zooming. Owing to this, downsizing of the apparatusbecomes difficult, and additionally, the ratio of the diameter of anon-axis light flux incident on the first lens group to the diameter ofan on-axis light flux incident on the second lens group largely variesin connection with zooming. Consequently, the variation in the sphericalaberration becomes excessively large upon zooming, so that therealization of high optical performance is impossible. Additionally, inorder to further ensure the advantageous effect of the presentapplication, it is more preferable to set the upper limit value of theconditional expression (1) to 6.900.

With the above described construction, it is possible to realize avariable magnification optical system which is compact in size and has ahigh variable magnification ratio and high optical performance.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that the firstlens group is moved toward the object side upon zooming from thewide-angle end state to the telephoto end state. With suchconfiguration, it is possible to suppress variation in the height ofoff-axis light flux passing through the first lens group from theoptical axis upon zooming. Owing to this, the diameter of the first lensgroup can be made smaller, and also the variation in the astigmatism canbe suppressed upon zooming.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desired that the distancebetween the first lens group and the second lens group is increased uponzooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state. Withsuch configuration, the magnification of the second lens group can beincreased. Consequently, while a high variable magnification ratio isrealized efficiently, the variation in the spherical aberration and thevariation in the astigmatism can be suppressed upon zooming.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desired that the distancebetween the second lens group and the third lens group is increased uponzooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state. Withsuch configuration, the composite magnification of the third lens groupand fourth lens group can be increased. Consequently, with a highvariable magnification ratio being realized efficiently, the variationin the spherical aberration and the variation in the astigmatism can besuppressed upon zooming.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (2) is satisfied:3.250<(d1t−d1w)/fw<4.200  (2)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state; d1w denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the first lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the second lens group in the wide angle end state; andd1t denotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of thefirst lens group to the most object side lens surface of the second lensgroup in the telephoto end state.

The conditional expression (2) defines a distance along the optical axisfrom the most image side lens surface of the first lens group to themost object side lens surface of the second lens group, in other words,a proper range of an amount of variation in the distance between thefirst lens group and the second lens group upon zooming. By satisfyingthe conditional expression (2), the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application cansuppress the variation in the spherical aberration and variation in theastigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of (d1t−d1w)/fw is equal to or falls below the lowerlimit of the conditional expression (2) for the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first embodiment of the presentapplication, in order to obtain a predetermined variable magnificationratio, it is necessary to make larger the refractive power of the secondlens group. Owing to this, it becomes difficult to suppress thevariation in the spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatismoccurring in the second lens group upon zooming, so that the realizationof high optical performance is impossible. Meanwhile, in order tofurther ensure the advantageous effect of the present application, it ismore preferable to set the lower limit value of the conditionalexpression (2) to 3.450. Moreover, in order to still further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is still morepreferable to set the lower limit value of the conditional expression(2) to 3.510.

On the other hand, when the value of (d1t−d1w)/fw is equal to or exceedsthe upper limit of the conditional expression (2) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application, the ratio of the diameter of an on-axis light fluxincident on the first lens group to the diameter of an on-axis lightflux incident on the second lens group largely varies in connection withthe zooming. Consequently, the variation in the spherical aberrationbecomes excessively large upon zooming, so that the realization of highoptical performance is impossible. Meanwhile, in order to further ensurethe advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(2) to 4.000. Moreover, in order to still further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is still morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(2) to 3.860.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (3) is satisfied:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550  (3)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state; d3w denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the third lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the fourth lens group in the wide angle end state; andd3t denotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of thethird lens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lensgroup in the telephoto end state.

The conditional expression (3) defines a distance along the optical axisfrom the most image side lens surface of the third lens group to themost object side lens surface of the fourth lens group, in other words,a proper range of an amount of variation in the distance between thethird lens group and the fourth lens group upon zooming. By satisfyingthe conditional expression (3), the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application cansuppress the variation in the coma aberration and variation in theastigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of (d3t−d3w)/fw is equal to or falls below the lowerlimit of the conditional expression (3) for the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first embodiment of the presentapplication, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation in the comaaberration and variation in the astigmatism occurring in the third lensgroup upon zooming, with the result that high optical performance cannotbe realized. Additionally, in order to further ensure the advantageouseffect of the present application, it is more preferable to set thelower limit value of the conditional expression (3) to 0.172.

On the other hand, when the value of (d3t−d3w)/fw is equal to or exceedsthe upper limit of the conditional expression (3) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application, a mechanism is necessary to make larger an amountof variation in the distance between the third lens group and the fourthlens group upon zooming. Owing to this, downsizing of the apparatusbecomes difficult, and additionally, the third lens group and the fourthlens group tend to mutually decenter. Consequently, the decentering comaaberration and astigmatism tend to occur in association with variationsduring manufacturing, with the result that high optical performancecannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is more preferable toset the upper limit value of the conditional expression (3) to 0.450.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (4) is satisfied:0.140<(d2it−d2iw)/fw<0.700  (4)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state; d2iw denotes a distance from themost image side lens surface of the second lens group to an image planein the wide angle end state, and d2it denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the second lens group to the image plane inthe telephoto end state.

The conditional expression (4) defines a distance along the optical axisfrom the most image side lens surface of the second lens group to animage plane, in other words, a proper range of an amount of variation ina distance between the second lens group and the image plane uponzooming. By satisfying the conditional expression (4), the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application can suppress the variation in the sphericalaberration and variation in the astigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of (d2it−d2iw)/fw is equal to or falls below the lowerlimit of the conditional expression (4) for the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first embodiment of the presentapplication, in order to obtain a predetermined variable magnificationratio, it is necessary to make larger the refractive power of the secondlens group. Owing to this, it becomes difficult to suppress thevariation in the spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatismoccurring in the second lens group upon zooming, with the result thathigh optical performance cannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order tofurther ensure the advantageous effect of the present application, it ismore preferable to set the lower limit value of the conditionalexpression (4) to 0.170. Moreover, in order to still further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is still morepreferable to set the lower limit value of the conditional expression(4) to 0.200.

On the other hand, when the value of (d2it−d2iw)/fw is equal to orexceeds the upper limit of the conditional expression (4) for thevariable magnification optical system according to the first embodimentof the present application, it becomes difficult to suppress thevariation in the spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatismoccurring in the first lens group and the second lens group uponzooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that the thirdlens group is composed of two lens elements. With such construction, itis possible to suppress the spherical aberration, coma aberration andaxial chromatic aberration occurring in the third lens group comparedwith a case wherein the third lens group is composed of one lenselement. It is also possible to suppress the variation in each of thespherical aberration, coma aberration and axial chromatic aberrationupon zooming. Furthermore, it is possible to downsize the apparatus andadditionally reduce the mass of the third lens group compared with acase wherein the third lens group is composed of three or more lenselements. Consequently, eccentricity of the third lens group due toposition difference of the optical system can be relatively suppressedin its use state, with the result that the occurrence of the eccentriccoma can be reduced.

It is more preferable that the third lens group is composed of two lenselement and the two lens elements are cemented together. With thisconstruction, it is possible to reduce the eccentricity among the lenselements in the third lens group so that the occurrence of the eccentriccoma can be reduced.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (5) is satisfied:0.200<f3/f4<0.650  (5)where f3 denotes a focal length of the third lens group, and f4 denotesa focal length of the fourth lens group.

The conditional expression (5) defines a proper range of the ratio offocal length between the third lens group and the fourth lens. Bysatisfying the conditional expression (5), the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first embodiment of the presentapplication can suppress the variation in the spherical aberration andvariation in the astigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of f3/f4 is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (5) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberrationand variation in the astigmatism occurring in the third lens group uponzooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageous effectof the present application, it is more preferable to set the lower limitvalue of the conditional expression (5) to 0.400.

On the other hand, when the value of f3/f4 is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (5) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation inthe spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatism occurring inthe fourth lens group upon zooming, with the result that high opticalperformance cannot be realized. Further, in order to further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is more preferable toset the upper limit value of the conditional expression (5) to 0.500.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (6) is satisfied:0.780<f1/f4<1.300  (6)where f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens group, and f4 denotesa focal length of the fourth lens group.

The conditional expression (6) defines a proper range of the ratio offocal length between the first lens group and the fourth lens. Bysatisfying the conditional expression (6), the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first embodiment of the presentapplication can suppress the variation in the spherical aberration andvariation in the astigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of f1/f4 is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (6) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberrationand variation in the astigmatism occurring in the first lens group uponzooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageous effectof the present application, it is more preferable to set the lower limitvalue of the conditional expression (6) to 0.820.

On the other hand, when the value of f1/f4 is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (6) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation inthe spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatism occurring inthe fourth lens group upon zooming, with the result that high opticalperformance cannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensurethe advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(6) to 1.100.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (7) is satisfied:0.050<(−f2)/f4<0.250  (7)where f2 denotes a focal length of the second lens group, and f4 denotesa focal length of the fourth lens group.

The conditional expression (7) defines a proper range of the ratio offocal length between the second lens group and the fourth lens. Bysatisfying the conditional expression (7), the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first embodiment of the presentapplication can suppress variation in each of the spherical aberration,astigmatism and distortion upon zooming.

When the value of (−f2)/f4 is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (7) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress variation in each of the sphericalaberration, astigmatism and distortion occurring in the second lensgroup upon zooming, with the result that high optical performance cannotbe realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageouseffect of the present application, it is more preferable to set thelower limit value of the conditional expression (7) to 0.118.

On the other hand, when the value of (−f2)/f4 is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (7) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation inthe spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatism occurring inthe fourth lens group upon zooming, with the result that high opticalperformance cannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensurethe advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(7) to 0.180.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the firstembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (8) is satisfied:0.740<(−f2)/fw<1.120  (8)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide-angle end state, and f2 denotes a focal length of thesecond lens group.

The conditional expression (8) defines a proper range of the focallength of the second lens group. By satisfying the conditionalexpression (8), the variable magnification optical system according tothe first embodiment of the present application can suppress thevariation in the spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatismupon zooming.

When the value of (−f2)/fw is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (8) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the first embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberrationand variation in the astigmatism occurring in the second lens group uponzooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageous effectof the present application, it is more preferable to set the lower limitvalue of the conditional expression (8) to 0.860.

On the other hand, when the value of (−f2)/fw is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (8) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application, in order to obtain a predetermined variablemagnification ratio, it is necessary to make larger an amount ofvariation in the distance between the first lens group and the secondlens group upon zooming. Owing to this, downsizing of the apparatusbecomes difficult, and additionally, the diameter of an on-axis lightflux incident from the first lens group to the second lens group largelyvaries in connection with zooming. Consequently, the variation in thespherical aberration becomes excessively large upon zooming, so that therealization of high optical performance is impossible. Meanwhile, inorder to further ensure the advantageous effect of the presentapplication, it is more preferable to set the upper limit value of theconditional expression (8) to 1.040.

The optical apparatus according to this application is characterized inthat the apparatus is equipped with the above described variablemagnification optical system according to the first embodiment of thepresent application. With this construction, it is possible to realizean optical apparatus which is downsized and has a high variablemagnification ratio and high optical performance.

The method for manufacturing the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the first embodiment of the present application is a methodfor manufacturing a variable magnification optical system comprising, inorder from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractivepower; a second lens group having negative refractive power; an aperturestop; a third lens group having positive refractive power; and a fourthlens group having positive refractive power;

the method comprising the steps of:

constructing the first lens group to satisfy the following conditionalexpression (1); and

constructing such that, upon zooming from a wide angle end state to atelephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and theaperture stop, a distance between the aperture stop and the third lensgroup, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lensgroup are varied, and a distance between the aperture stop and thefourth lens group is constant. With the above described configuration,it is possible to manufacture a variable magnification optical systemthat is downsized and has a high variable magnification ratio and highoptical performance.5.300<f1/fw<8.000  (1)Where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in a wide angle end state, and f1 denotes a focal length of thefirst lens group.

A variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, an optical apparatus and a methodfor manufacturing the variable magnification optical system areexplained below.

The variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application is characterized in that thesystem comprises, in order from an object side: a first lens grouphaving positive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; a third lens group having positive refractive power;and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power; and uponzooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distancebetween the first lens group and the second lens group, a distancebetween the second lens group and the third lens group, and a distancebetween the third lens group and the fourth lens group are varied. Withsuch configuration, the variable magnification optical system accordingto the second embodiment of the present application can realize thezooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state and cansuppress variation in each of the distortion, astigmatism and sphericalaberration in association with the zooming.

Further, the variable magnification optical system according to thesecond embodiment of the present application is characterized in thatthe following conditional expression (3) is satisfied:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550  (3)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state;

d3w denotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of thethird lens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lensgroup in the wide angle end state; and

d3t denotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of thethird lens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lensgroup in the telephoto end state.

The conditional expression (3) defines an distance along the opticalaxis from the most image side lens surface of the third lens group tothe most object side lens surface of the fourth lens group, in otherwords, a proper range of an amount of variation in a distance betweenthe third lens group and the fourth lens group upon the zooming. Bysatisfying the conditional expression (3), the variable magnificationoptical system according to the second embodiment of the presentapplication can suppress variation in the coma aberration and variationin the astigmatism upon the zooming.

When the value of (d3t−d3w)/fw is equal to or falls below the lowerlimit of the conditional expression (3) for the variable magnificationoptical system according to the second embodiment of the presentapplication, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation in the comaaberration and the variation in the astigmatism occurring in the thirdlens group upon zooming, with the result that high optical performancecannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is more preferable toset the lower limit value of the conditional expression (3) to 0.172.

On the other hand, when the value of (d3t−d3w)/fw is equal to or exceedsthe upper limit of the conditional expression (3) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application, a mechanism is necessary to make larger an amountof variation in the distance between the third lens group and the fourthlens group upon zooming. Owing to this, downsizing of the apparatusbecomes difficult, and additionally, the third lens group and the fourthlens group tend to mutually decenter. Consequently, the decentering comaaberration and astigmatism tend to occur in association with variationsduring manufacturing, with the result that the realization of highoptical performance becomes impossible. Meanwhile, in order to furtherensure the advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(3) to 0.450.

With the above described construction, it is possible to realize avariable magnification optical system which is downsized and has a highvariable magnification ratio and high optical performance.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that the firstlens group is moved toward the object side upon zooming from thewide-angle end state to the telephoto end state. With suchconfiguration, it is possible to suppress variation in the height ofoff-axis light flux passing through the first lens group from theoptical axis upon zooming. Owing to this, the diameter of the first lensgroup can be made smaller, and also the variation in the astigmatism canbe suppressed upon zooming.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desired that the distancebetween the first lens group and the second lens group is increased uponzooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state. Withsuch configuration, the magnification of the second lens group can beincreased. Consequently, while a high variable magnification ratio canbe realized efficiently, the variation in the spherical aberration andthe variation in the astigmatism can be suppressed upon zooming.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desired that the distancebetween the second lens group and the third lens group is decreased uponzooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state. Withsuch configuration, the composite magnification of the third lens groupand fourth lens group can be increased. Consequently, while a highvariable magnification ratio can be realized efficiently, the variationin the spherical aberration and the variation in the astigmatism can besuppressed upon zooming.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (2) is satisfied:3.250<(d1t−d1w)/fw<4.200  (2)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state; d1w denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the first lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the second lens group in the wide angle end state; andd1t denotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of thefirst lens group to the most object side lens surface of the second lensgroup in the telephoto end state.

The conditional expression (2) defines a distance along the optical axisfrom the most image side lens surface of the first lens group to themost object side lens surface of the second lens group, in other words,a proper range of an amount of variation in a distance between the firstlens group and the second lens group upon zooming. By satisfying theconditional expression (2), the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the second embodiment of the present application cansuppress the variation in the spherical aberration and variation in theastigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of (d1t−d1w)/fw is equal to or falls below the lowerlimit of the conditional expression (2) for the variable magnificationoptical system according to the second embodiment of the presentapplication, in order to obtain a predetermined variable magnificationratio, it is necessary to make larger the refractive power of the secondlens group. Owing to this, it becomes difficult to suppress thevariation in the spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatismoccurring in the second lens group upon zooming, so that the realizationof high optical performance is impossible. Meanwhile, in order tofurther ensure the advantageous effect of the present application, it ismore preferable to set the lower limit value of the conditionalexpression (2) to 3.450. Moreover, in order to still further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is still morepreferable to set the lower limit value of the conditional expression(2) to 3.510.

On the other hand, when the value of (d1t−d1w)/fw is equal to or exceedsthe upper limit of the conditional expression (2) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application, the ratio of the diameter of an on-axis light fluxincident on the first lens group to the diameter of an on-axis lightflux incident on the second lens group largely varies in connection withzooming. Consequently, the variation in the spherical aberration becomesexcessively large upon the zooming, so that the realization of highoptical performance is impossible. Meanwhile, in order to further ensurethe advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(2) to 4.000. Moreover, in order to still further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is still morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(2) to 3.860.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (4) is satisfied:0.140<(d2it−d2iw)/fw<0.700  (4)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state; d2iw denotes a distance from themost image side lens surface of the second lens group to an image planein the wide angle end state, and d2it denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the second lens group to the image plane inthe telephoto end state.

The conditional expression (4) defines a distance along the optical axisfrom the most image side lens surface of the second lens group to theimage plane, in other words, a proper range of an amount of variation ina distance between the second lens group and the image plane uponzooming. By satisfying the conditional expression (4), the variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application can suppress the variation in the sphericalaberration and variation in the astigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of (d2it−d2iw)/fw is equal to or falls below the lowerlimit of the conditional expression (4) for the variable magnificationoptical system according to the second embodiment of the presentapplication, in order to obtain a predetermined variable magnificationratio, it is necessary to make larger the refractive power of the secondlens group. Owing to this, it becomes difficult to suppress thevariation in the spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatismoccurring in the second lens group upon zooming, with the result thathigh optical performance cannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order tofurther ensure the advantageous effect of the present application, it ismore preferable to set the lower limit value of the conditionalexpression (4) to 0.170. Moreover, in order to still further ensure theadvantageous effect of the present application, it is still morepreferable to set the lower limit value of the conditional expression(4) to 0.200.

On the other hand, when the value of (d2it−d2iw)/fw is equal to orexceeds the upper limit of the conditional expression (4), it becomesdifficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberration andvariation in the astigmatism occurring in the first lens group and thesecond lens group upon zooming, with the result that high opticalperformance cannot be realized.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present invention, it is desirable that the third lensgroup is composed of two lens elements. With such construction, it ispossible to suppress the spherical aberration, coma aberration and axialchromatic aberration occurring in the third lens group compared with acase wherein the third lens group is composed of one lens element. It isalso possible to suppress the variation in each of the sphericalaberration, coma aberration and axial chromatic aberration upon zooming.Furthermore, it is possible to downsize the apparatus and additionallyreduce the mass of the third lens group compared with a case wherein thethird lens group is composed of three or more lens elements.Consequently, eccentricity of the third lens group due to positiondifference of the optical system can be relatively suppressed in its usestate, with the result that the occurrence of the eccentric coma can bereduced.

It is more preferable that the third lens group is composed of two lenselement and the two lens elements are cemented together. With thisconstruction, it is possible to reduce the eccentricity among the lenselements in the third lens group so that the occurrence of the eccentriccoma can be reduced.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present invention, it is desirable that an aperturestop is provided between the second lens group and the third lens group,and upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto endstate, a distance between the second lens group and the aperture stopand a distance between aperture stop and the third lens group arevaried, and a distance between the aperture stop and the fourth lensgroup is constant. The variation in the distortion and variation in theastigmatism upon zooming can be suppressed by disposing the aperturestop between the second lens group and the third lens group, and uponzooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state,varying the distance between the second lens group and the aperture stopand the distance between the aperture stop and the third lens group.Further, the variation in the astigmatism and variation in comaaberration occurring in the third lens group in connection with zoomingcan be suppressed by making the distance between the aperture stop andthe fourth lens group constant upon zooming.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (5) is satisfied:0.200<f3/f4<0.650  (5)where f3 denotes a focal length of the third lens group, and f4 denotesa focal length of the fourth lens group.

The conditional expression (5) defines a proper range of the ratio offocal length between the third lens group and the fourth lens. Bysatisfying the conditional expression (5), the variable magnificationoptical system according to the second embodiment of the presentapplication can suppress the variation in the spherical aberration andvariation in the astigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of f3/f4 is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (5) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the second embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberrationand variation in the astigmatism occurring in the third lens group uponzooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageous effectof the present application, it is more preferable to set the lower limitvalue of the conditional expression (5) to 0.400.

On the other hand, when the value of f3/f4 is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (5) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation inthe spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatism occurring inthe fourth lens group upon zooming, with the result that high opticalperformance cannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensurethe advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(5) to 0.500.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (6) is satisfied:0.780<f1/f4<1.300  (6)where f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens group, and f4 denotesa focal length of the fourth lens group.

The conditional expression (6) defines a proper range of the ratio offocal length between the first lens group and the fourth lens. Bysatisfying the conditional expression (6), the variable magnificationoptical system according to the second embodiment of the presentapplication can suppress the variation in the spherical aberration andvariation in the astigmatism upon zooming.

When the value of f1/f4 is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (6) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the second embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberrationand variation in the astigmatism occurring in the first lens group uponzooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageous effectof the present application, it is more preferable to set the lower limitvalue of the conditional expression (6) to 0.820.

On the other hand, when the value of f1/f4 is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (6) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation inthe spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatism occurring inthe fourth lens group upon zooming, with the result that high opticalperformance cannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensurethe advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(6) to 1.100.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (7) is satisfied:0.050<(−f2)/f4<0.250  (7)where f2 denotes a focal length of the second lens group, and f4 denotesa focal length of the fourth lens group.

The conditional expression (7) defines a proper range of the ratio offocal length between the second lens group and the fourth lens. Bysatisfying the conditional expression (7), the variable magnificationoptical system according to the second embodiment of the presentapplication can suppress variation in each of the spherical aberration,astigmatism and distortion upon zooming.

When the value of (−f2)/f4 is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (7) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the second embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress variation in each of the sphericalaberration, astigmatism and distortion occurring in the second lensgroup upon zooming, with the result that high optical performance cannotbe realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageouseffect of the present application, it is more preferable to set thelower limit value of the conditional expression (7) to 0.118.

On the other hand, when the value of (−f2)/f4 is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (7) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application, it becomes difficult to suppress the variation inthe spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatism occurring inthe fourth lens group upon zooming, with the result that high opticalperformance cannot be realized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensurethe advantageous effect of the present application, it is morepreferable to set the upper limit value of the conditional expression(7) to 0.180.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the secondembodiment of the present application, it is desirable that thefollowing conditional expression (8) is satisfied:0.740<(−f2)/fw<1.120  (8)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide-angle end state, and f2 denotes a focal length of thesecond lens group.

The conditional expression (8) defines a proper range of the focallength of the second lens group. By satisfying the conditionalexpression (8), the variable magnification optical system according tothe second embodiment of the present application can suppress thevariation in the spherical aberration and variation in the astigmatismupon zooming.

When the value of (−f2)/fw is equal to or falls below the lower limit ofthe conditional expression (8) for the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the second embodiment of the present application, itbecomes difficult to suppress the variation in the spherical aberrationand variation in the astigmatism occurring in the second lens group uponzooming, with the result that high optical performance cannot berealized. Meanwhile, in order to further ensure the advantageous effectof the present application, it is more preferable to set the lower limitvalue of the conditional expression (8) to 0.860.

On the other hand, when the value of (−f2)/fw is equal to or exceeds theupper limit of the conditional expression (8) for the variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application, in order to obtain a predetermined variablemagnification ratio, it is necessary to make larger an amount ofvariation in the distance between the first lens group and the secondlens group upon zooming. Owing to this, downsizing of the apparatusbecomes difficult, and additionally, the diameter of an on-axis lightflux incident from the first lens group to the second lens group largelyvaries in connection with zooming. Consequently, the variation in thespherical aberration becomes excessively large upon zooming, so that therealization of high optical performance is impossible. Meanwhile, inorder to further ensure the advantageous effect of the presentapplication, it is more preferable to set the upper limit value of theconditional expression (8) to 1.040.

The optical apparatus according to this application is characterized inthat the apparatus is equipped with the above described variablemagnification optical system according to the second embodiment of thepresent application. With this construction, it is possible to realizean optical apparatus which is downsized and has a high variablemagnification ratio and high optical performance.

A method for manufacturing the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the second embodiment of the present application is amethod for manufacturing a variable magnification optical systemcomprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group havingpositive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; a third lens group having positive refractive power;and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power; the methodcomprising the steps of:

constructing the third lens group and the fourth lens group to satisfythe following conditional expression (3); and

constructing such that, upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to atelephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and thethird lens group, and a distance between the third lens group and thefourth lens group are varied. With the above described configuration, itis possible to manufacture a variable magnification optical system thatis downsized and has a high variable magnification ratio and highoptical performance.0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550  (3)Where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in the wide angle end state, d3w denote a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the third lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the fourth lens group in the telephoto end state, andd3t denote a distance from the most image side lens surface of the thirdlens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lens groupin the telephoto end state

Hereinafter, variable magnification optical systems relating tonumerical examples according to the first and the second embodiments ofthe present application will be explained with reference to theaccompanying drawings. Meanwhile, the first to the third examples arecommon to all of the first and the second embodiments.

First Example

FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are sectional views showing a variable magnificationoptical system according to a first Example that is common to a firstand a second embodiments of the present application, in a wide angle endstate, in an intermediate focal length state and in a telephoto endstate, respectively.

The variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample is composed of, in order from an object side: a first lens groupG1 having positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 havingnegative refractive power; a third lens group G3 having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractivepower.

The first lens group G1 consists of, in order from the object side, acemented lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L11 having aconvex surface facing the object side cemented with a double convexpositive lens L12, and a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convexsurface facing the object side.

The second lens group G2 consists of, in order from the object side, anegative meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing the objectside, a negative meniscus lens L22 having a concave surface facing theobject side, a double convex positive lens L23, and a negative meniscuslens L24 having a concave surface facing the object side. Note that thenegative meniscus lens L21 is a glass molded aspherical lens having anobject side lens surface formed into an aspherical shape.

The third lens group G3 consists of, in order from the object side, acemented lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L31 having aconvex surface facing the object side cemented with a double convexpositive lens L32. Note that an aperture stop S is disposed on theobject side of the third lens group G3.

The fourth lens group G4 consists of, in order from the object side, acemented lens constructed by a double convex positive lens L401 cementedwith a negative meniscus lens L402 having a convex surface facing theimage side, a cemented lens constructed by a positive meniscus lens L403having a concave surface facing the object side cemented with a doubleconcave negative lens L404, a double convex positive lens L405, acemented lens constructed by a positive meniscus lens L406 having aconcave surface facing the object side cemented with a double concavenegative lens L407, a cemented lens constructed by a negative meniscuslens L408 having a convex surface facing the object side cemented with adouble convex positive lens L409, and a negative meniscus lens L410having a concave surface facing the object side. Meanwhile, the positivemeniscus lens L403 is a glass molded aspherical lens having an objectside lens surface formed into an aspherical shape, and the negativemeniscus lens L410 is a glass molded aspherical lens having an imageside lens surface formed into an aspherical shape.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample, a low-pass filter, a cover glass for sensor, or the like may bedisposed between the forth lens group G4 and an image plane I.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample, having the above described construction, upon zooming from thewide angle end state to the telephoto end state, the first to the fourthlens groups G1 to G4 are moved along the optical axis such that an airdistance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 isincreased; an air distance between the second lens group G2 and thethird lens group G3 is decreased; an air distance between the third lensgroup G3 and the fourth lens group G4 is increased; an air distancebetween the second lens group G2 and the aperture stop S is decreased;an air distance between the aperture stop S and the third lens group G3is decreased; and a distance between the aperture stop S and the fourthlens group G4 is constant. The aperture stop S is configured to moveintegrally with the fourth lens group G4. More specifically, the firstlens group G1, the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4 aremoved toward the object side upon zooming. The second lens group G2 ismoved toward the object side from the wide angle end to an intermediatefocal length state, and toward the image side from the intermediatefocal length state to the telephoto end state.

Table 1 below shows various values of the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the present Example.

In Table 1, f denotes a focal length, and BF denotes a back focallength, in other words, a distance on the optical axis between the mostimage side lens surface and the image plane I.

In [Surface Data], m denotes an order of an optical surface counted fromthe object side, r denotes a radius of curvature, d denotes asurface-to-surface distance (an interval from an n-th surface to an(n+1)-th surface, where n is an integer), nd denotes refractive indexfor d-line (wavelength λ=587.6 nm) and vd denotes an Abbe number ford-line (wavelength λ=587.6 nm). Further, OP denotes an object surface,and I denotes an image plane. Meanwhile, radius of curvature r=∞ denotesa plane surface. The position of an aspherical surface is expressed byattaching “*” to the surface number, and in the column of the radius ofcurvature r, a paraxial radius of curvature is shown. A refractive indexof air nd=1.000000 is omitted.

In [Aspherical Data], with respect to an aspherical surface shown in[Surface Data], an aspherical surface coefficient and a conicalcoefficient are shown in the case where the aspherical surface isexhibited by the following expression:x=(h ² /r)/[1+[1−κ(h/r)²]^(1/2) ]+A4h ⁴ +A6h ⁶ +A8h ⁸ +A10h ¹⁰where h denotes a vertical height from the optical axis, x denotes a sagamount which is a distance along the optical axis from the tangentsurface at the vertex of the aspherical surface to the asphericalsurface at the vertical height h from the optical axis, κ denotes aconical coefficient, A4, A6, A8 and A10 denote respective asphericalcoefficients, and κ denotes a paraxial radius of curvature that is aradius of curvature of a reference sphere. “E-n”, where n is an integer,denotes “×10^(−n)”, for example, “1.234E-05” denotes “1.234×10⁻⁵”. The2nd order aspherical surface coefficient A2 is 0, and omitted in thedescription.

In [Various Data], FNO denotes an F-number, ω denotes a half angle ofview (unit “°”), Y denotes an image height, TL denotes a total length ofthe variable magnification optical system, that is, a distance along theoptical axis from the first surface to the image plane I upon focusingon an infinite distant object, do denotes a variable interval between ann-th surface and an (n+1)-th surface, and φ is an aperture diameter ofan aperture stop S. Meanwhile, W denotes a wide-angle end state, Mdenotes an intermediate focal length state, and T denotes a telephotoend state.

In [Lens Group Data], there are shown a starting surface number ST and afocal length f of each lens group.

In [Values for Conditional Expressions], values corresponding torespective conditional expressions for the variable magnificationoptical system according to the present Example are shown.

It is noted, here, that “mm” is generally used for the unit of lengthsuch as the focal length f, the radius of curvature r and the unit forother lengths shown in Table 1. However, since similar opticalperformance can be obtained by an optical system proportionally enlargedor reduced for its dimension, the unit is not necessarily to be limitedto “mm”.

The explanation of reference symbols in Table 1 described above is thesame in Tables for the other Examples.

First Example

TABLE 1 [Surface Data] m r d nd νd OP ∞  1 134.9416 1.6000 2.00100029.14  2 37.4620 7.6500 1.497820 82.57  3 −339.5674 0.1000  4 41.66395.5500 1.883000 40.66  5 520.6025 d5  *6 2429.7649 1.0000 1.851350 40.10 7 8.6673 5.7500  8 −10.8429 1.0000 1.487490 70.31  9 −45.5363 0.8500 1052.5147 3.1000 1.808090 22.74 11 −17.4657 0.3000 12 −16.1357 1.00001.954000 33.46 13 −39.2793 d13 14 ∞ d14 Aperture Stop S 15 29.38431.0000 1.902650 35.73 16 14.8567 2.8000 1.719990 50.27 17 −55.5590 d1718 13.5564 3.3500 1.497820 82.57 19 −24.9755 1.0000 1.950000 29.37 20−183.0794 2.1500 *21  −145.2052 2.2500 1.802440 25.55 22 −14.7800 1.00001.766840 46.78 23 23.7425 2.8000 24 25.8106 3.0000 1.516800 63.88 25−15.0644 0.1000 26 −568.8377 3.0000 1.568830 56.00 27 −9.3137 1.00001.954000 33.46 28 98.3635 0.1000 29 15.0059 1.0000 1.950000 29.37 307.0809 4.2500 1.647690 33.73 31 −21.2496 1.4500 32 −11.4669 1.00001.743300 49.32 *33  −29.8012 BF I ∞ [Aspherical Data] m 6 K −20.0000 A4   9.19258E−05 A6  −6.71049E−07 A8    3.76181E−09 A10 −1.11659E−11 m 21 K−13.2727 A4    1.25451E−05 A6    1.56196E−07 A8  −2.20815E−09 A10  0.00000E+00 m 33 K −0.9208 A4  −8.91367E−05 A6  −1.72158E−06 A8   2.40673E−08 A10 −6.77013E−10 [Various Data] Variable magnificationratio 9.42 W T f 10.30 ~ 97.00 FNO 4.08 ~ 5.83 ω 40.21 ~ 4.78° Y 8.19 ~8.19 TL 102.69 ~ 142.60 W M T f 10.30000 50.00021 97.00042 ω 40.211089.16962 4.78008 FNO 4.08 5.79 5.83 φ 8.40 9.20 10.10 d5  2.1000029.30442 39.87067 d13 19.87565 4.17251 2.00000 d14 4.49060 3.806721.60000 d17 3.02442 3.70831 5.91502 BF 14.04941 32.95254 34.06346 [LensGroup Data] ST f G1 1 63.95755 G2 6 −10.21809 G3 15 32.27954 G4 1870.96006 [Values for Conditional Expressions] (1) f1/fw = 6.209 (2) (d1t− d1w)/fw = 3.667 (3) (d3t − d3w)/fw = 0.281 (4) (d2it − d2iw)/fw =0.208 (5) f3/f4 = 0.455 (6) f1/f4 = 0.901 (7) (−f2)/f4 = 0.144 (8)(−f2)/fw = 0.992

FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are graphs showing various aberrations of thevariable magnification optical system according to the First Example ofthe present application upon focusing on an infinite distance object, ina wide angle end state, in an intermediate focal length state and in atelephoto end state, respectively.

In respective aberration graphs, FNO denotes an F-number, and A denotesan incidence angle of light ray, that is, a half angle of view (unit“°”). In the graphs, d denotes an aberration curve at d-line (wavelength587.6 nm), g denotes an aberration curve at g-line (wavelength 435.8nm), and a curve not accompanied by d and g denotes an aberration at thed-line. In the graph showing astigmatism, a solid line indicates asagittal image plane, and a broken line indicates a meridional imageplane. Incidentally, the above-described explanation regarding variousaberration graphs is the same as the other Examples.

As is apparent from the respective aberration graphs, the variablemagnification optical system according to the present Example showssuperb optical performance as a result of good corrections to variousaberrations in the states from the wide-angle end state to the telephotoend state.

Second Example

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are sectional views showing a variable magnificationoptical system according to a Second Example that is common to the firstand second embodiments of the present application, in a wide angle endstate, in an intermediate focal length state and in a telephoto endstate, respectively.

The variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample is composed of, in order from an object side: a first lens groupG1 having positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 havingnegative refractive power; a third lens group G3 having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractivepower.

The first lens group G1 consists of, in order from the object side, acemented lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L11 having aconvex surface facing the object side cemented with a double convexpositive lens L12, and a plano-convex positive lens L13 having a convexsurface facing the object side

The second lens group G2 consists of, in order from the object side, anegative meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing the objectside, a negative meniscus lens L22 having a concave surface facing theobject side, and a cemented lens constructed by a double convex positivelens L23 cemented with a negative meniscus lens L24 having a concavesurface facing the object side. The negative meniscus lens L21 is acompound type aspheric lens in which a resin layer is provided on asurface of a glass on an object side and formed into an asphericalshape.

The third lens group G3 consists of a cemented lens constructed by, inorder from the object side, a negative meniscus lens L31 having a convexsurface facing the object side cemented with a double convex positivelens L32.

The fourth lens group G4 consists of, in order from the object side, acemented lens constructed by a double convex positive lens L401 cementedwith a negative meniscus lens L402 having a convex surface facing theimage side, a cemented lens constructed by a positive meniscus lens L403having a concave surface facing the object side cemented with a doubleconcave negative lens L404, a double convex positive lens L405, acemented lens constructed by a double convex positive lens L406 cementedwith a double concave negative lens L407, a cemented lens constructed bya double convex positive lens L408 cemented with a negative meniscuslens L409 having a convex surface facing the image side, and a negativemeniscus lens L410 having a concave surface facing the object side.Incidentally, the negative lens L404 is a glass molded aspherical lenshaving an image side lens surface formed into an aspherical shape, andthe negative meniscus lens L410 is a glass molded aspherical lens havingan image side lens surface formed into an aspherical shape.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample, a low-pass filter, a cover glass for sensor, or the like may bedisposed between the forth lens group G4 and an image plane I.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample, having the above described construction, upon zooming from thewide angle end state to the telephoto end state, the first to the fourthlens groups G1 to G4 are moved to the object side along the optical axissuch that an air distance between the first lens group G1 and the secondlens group G2 is increased; an air distance between the second lensgroup G2 and the third lens group G3 is decreased; an air distancebetween the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4 isdecreased from the wide angle end state to the intermediate focal lengthstate and is increased from the intermediate focal length state to thetelephoto end state; an air distance between the second lens group G2and aperture stop S is decreased; an air distance between the aperturestop S and the third lens group G3 is increased from the wide angle endstate to the intermediate focal length state and is decreased from theintermediate focal length state to the telephoto end state; and adistance between the aperture stop S and the fourth lens group G4 isconstant. The aperture stop S is moved integrally with the fourth lensgroup G4.

Table 2 below shows various values of the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the present Example.

Second Example

TABLE 2 [Surface Data] m r d nd νd OP ∞  1 145.1831 1.7000 2.00100029.14  2 36.6390 8.1000 1.497820 82.57  3 −399.3519 0.1000  4 43.20766.0000 1.883000 40.66  5 ∞ d5  *6 436.5967 0.1000 1.553890 38.09  787.0031 1.1000 1.834810 42.73  8 8.3001 5.3500  9 −12.6073 1.00001.755000 52.34 10 −32.7993 0.8000 11 41.1197 2.9500 1.808090 22.74 12−19.6043 0.9000 1.883000 40.66 13 −73.1316 d13 14 ∞ d14 Aperture Stop S15 22.3725 0.9000 1.902650 35.73 16 12.2299 3.4500 1.670030 47.14 17−59.6992 d17 18 13.7390 3.6000 1.497820 82.57 19 −24.8201 0.90002.000690 25.46 20 −270.0138 2.2000 21 −117.0547 2.0500 1.846660 23.80 22−15.9850 1.0000 1.773770 47.25 *23  24.1750 2.0836 24 66.3654 2.80001.568830 56.00 25 −15.4473 0.1000 26 44.9939 2.7500 1.517420 52.20 27−15.2012 0.9000 1.903660 31.27 28 29.9926 0.3000 29 14.6093 5.05001.672700 32.19 30 −9.1997 0.9000 2.000690 25.46 31 −24.3892 1.4000 32−12.8617 1.0000 1.851350 40.10 *33  −27.4946 BF I ∞ [Aspherical Data] m6 K 20.0000 A4    9.17458E−05 A6  −6.51986E−07 A8    2.69890E−09 A10−1.23751E−11 m 23 K 0.4823 A4  −7.24815E−06 A6  −3.60139E−07 A8   4.05630E−09 A10   0.00000E+00 m 33 K −20.0000 A4  −1.22780E−04 A6   8.28360E−07 A8  −6.05245E−09 A10 −9.88805E−11 [Various Data] Variablemagnification ratio 9.42 W T f 10.30 ~ 96.99 FNO 4.12 ~ 5.81 ω 40.44 ~4.73° Y 8.19 ~ 8.19 TL 103.03 ~ 143.32 W M T f 10.30260 30.0000096.99284 ω 40.44283 14.85841 4.72723 FNO 4.12 5.48 5.81 φ 8.12 8.12 9.70d5  2.10606 20.13084 40.20889 d13 19.66416 6.24359 1.80000 d14 4.278744.97381 1.80000 d17 3.43763 2.74256 5.91637 BF 14.05688 27.8053534.11509 [Lens Group Data] ST f G1 1 64.09778 G2 6 −10.16794 G3 1531.06055 G4 18 67.05869 [Values for Conditional Expressions] (1) f1/fw =6.223 (2) (d1t−d1w)/fw = 3.699 (3) (d3t−d3w)/fw = 0.241 (4)(d2it−d2iw)/fw = 0.213 (5) f3/f4 = 0.463 (6) f1/f4 = 0.956 (7) (−f2)/f4= 0.152 (8) (−f2)/fw = 0.986

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C are graphs showing various aberrations of thevariable magnification optical system according to the Second Example ofthe present application upon focusing on an infinite distance object, ina wide angle end state, in an intermediate focal length state and in atelephoto end state, respectively.

As is apparent from the respective aberration graphs, the variablemagnification optical system according to the present Example showssuperb optical performance as a result of good corrections to variousaberrations in the states from the wide-angle end state to the telephotoend state.

Third Example

FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are sectional views showing a variable magnificationoptical system according to a Third Example that is common to the firstand second embodiments of the present application, in a wide angle endstate, in an intermediate focal length state and in a telephoto endstate, respectively.

The variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample is composed of, in order from an object side: a first lens groupG1 having positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 havingnegative refractive power; a third lens group G3 having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractivepower.

The first lens group G1 consists of, in order from the object side, acemented lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L11 having aconvex surface facing the object side cemented with a double convexpositive lens L12, and a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convexsurface facing the object side

The second lens group G2 consists of, in order from the object side, anegative meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing the objectside, a negative meniscus lens L22 having a concave surface facing theobject side, a double convex positive lens L23, and a negative meniscuslens L24 having a concave surface facing the object side. Note that thenegative meniscus lens L21 is a glass molded aspherical lens having anobject side lens surface formed into an aspherical shape.

The third lens group G3 consists of a cemented lens constructed by, inorder from the object side, a negative meniscus lens L31 having a convexsurface facing the object side cemented with a double convex positivelens L32. Meanwhile, an aperture stop S is provided on the object sideof the third lens group G3.

The fourth lens group G4 consists of, in order from the object side, acemented lens constructed by a double convex positive lens L401 cementedwith a negative meniscus lens L402 having a convex surface facing theimage side, a cemented lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L403having a convex surface facing the object side cemented with a positivemeniscus lens L404 having a concave surface facing the image side, adouble convex positive lens L405, a cemented lens constructed by apositive meniscus lens L406 having a concave surface facing the objectside cemented with a negative meniscus lens L407 having a concavesurface facing the object side, a cemented lens constructed by anegative meniscus lens L408 having a convex surface facing the objectside cemented with a double convex positive lens L409, and a negativemeniscus lens L410 having a concave surface facing the object side.Incidentally, the negative lens L403 is a glass molded aspherical lenshaving an object side lens surface formed into an aspherical shape, andthe negative meniscus lens L410 is a glass molded aspherical lens havingan image side lens surface formed into an aspherical shape.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample, a low-pass filter, a cover glass for sensor, or the like may bedisposed between the forth lens group G4 and an image plane I.

In the variable magnification optical system according to the presentExample, having the above described construction, upon zooming from thewide angle end state to the telephoto end state, the first to the fourthlens groups G1 to G4 are moved along the optical axis such that an airdistance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 isincreased; an air distance between the second lens group G2 and thethird lens group G3 is decreased; an air distance between the third lensgroup G3 and the fourth lens group G4 is increased; an air distancebetween the second lens group G2 and the aperture stop S is decreased;an air distance between the aperture stop S and the third lens group G3is decreased; and an air distance between the aperture stop S and thefourth lens group G4 is constant. The aperture stop S is configured tomove integrally with the fourth lens group G4. More specifically, thefirst lens group G1, the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens groupG4 are moved toward the object side upon zooming. The second lens groupG2 is moved toward the object side from the wide angle end to anintermediate focal length state, and toward the image side from theintermediate focal length state to the telephoto end state.

Table 3 below shows various values of the variable magnification opticalsystem according to the present Example.

Third Example

TABLE 3 [Surface Data] m r d nd νd OP ∞  1 100.6708 1.6000 2.00330028.27  2 38.2945 7.4500 1.497820 82.57  3 −587.4003 0.1000  4 40.28385.4500 1.834810 42.73  5 280.5337 d5  *6 202.2993 1.0000 1.851350 40.10 7 7.9721 5.1500  8 −9.9586 1.0000 1.883000 40.66  9 −44.8957 0.1000 1074.4947 3.1500 1.808090 22.74 11 −13.5735 0.6500 12 −10.3252 1.00001.883000 40.66 13 −14.1555 d13 14 ∞ d14 Aperture Stop S 15 26.43551.0000 1.954000 33.46 16 14.5535 2.9500 1.700000 48.11 17 −46.9949 d1718 13.6121 3.5000 1.497820 82.57 19 −26.0652 1.0000 2.000690 25.46 20−274.8099 2.1500 *21  1292.9454 1.0000 1.806100 40.71 22 10.6698 2.15001.808090 22.74 23 23.0448 2.8000 24 19.2818 3.4500 1.548140 45.51 25−13.8291 0.1000 26 −32.9399 2.8500 1.620040 36.40 27 −8.0721 1.00001.954000 33.46 28 −206.7578 0.1000 29 18.5580 1.0000 2.000690 25.46 307.4367 4.2000 1.647690 33.73 31 −21.5339 1.7500 32 −9.9511 1.00001.743300 49.32 *33  −17.6298 BF I ∞ [Aspherical Data] m 6 K 20.0000 A4   9.82146E−05 A6  −6.04337E−07 A8    2.59138E−09 A10   1.16839E−11 m 21K 20.0000 A4    1.53849E−05 A6    1.73734E−07 A8  −2.83188E−09 A10  0.00000E+00 m 33 K 2.9454 A4  −6.43442E−05 A6  −1.32869E−06 A8   1.61809E−08 A10 −4.99485E−10 [Various Data] Variable magnificationratio 9.42 W T f 10.30 ~ 97.00 FNO 4.10 ~ 5.82 ω 40.21 ~ 4.80° Y 8.19 ~8.19 TL 100.18 ~ 142.60 W M T f 10.30000 50.00015 97.00042 ω 40.210269.21685 4.79788 FNO 4.11 5.79 5.82 φ 8.50 9.50 10.24 d5  2.1000028.21026 39.06515 d13 18.62936 3.83407 2.00000 d14 3.55190 3.366811.60000 d17 3.19885 3.38394 5.15075 BF 14.04944 35.47291 36.13193 [LensGroup Data] ST f G1 1 63.38656 G2 6 −9.32485 G3 15 30.22293 G4 1870.69668 [Values for Conditional Expressions] (1) f1/fw = 6.154 (2) (d1t− d1w)/fw = 3.589 (3) (d3t − d3w)/fw = 0.190 (4) (d2it − d2iw)/fw =0.529 (5) f3/f4 = 0.428 (6) f1/f4 = 0.897 (7) (−f2)/f4 = 0.132 (8)(−f2)/fw = 0.905

FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are graphs showing various aberrations of thevariable magnification optical system according to the Third Example ofthe present application upon focusing on an infinite distance object, ina wide angle end state, in an intermediate focal length state and in atelephoto end state, respectively.

As is apparent from the respective aberration graphs, the variablemagnification optical system according to the present Example showssuperb optical performance as a result of good corrections to variousaberrations in the states from the wide-angle end state to the telephotoend state.

With the Examples, it is possible to realize a variable magnificationoptical system which is downsized and has a high variable magnificationratio and high optical performance. Note that each of the abovedescribed Examples is a concrete example of the invention of the presentapplication, and the invention of the present application is not limitedto them. The contents described below can be adopted withoutdeteriorating optical performance of the variable magnification opticalsystems according to the first and the second Embodiments of the presentapplication.

Although the variable magnification optical systems each having a fourgroup configuration were illustrated above as numerical examples of thevariable magnification optical systems according to the first and thesecond Embodiments of the present application, the present applicationis not limited to them and the variable magnification optical systemshaving other configurations (such as five group configuration, six groupconfiguration and the like) can be constructed. Concretely, a lensconfiguration in which a lens or a lens group is added to the mostobject side of the variable magnification optical systems according tothe first and the second Embodiments of the present application ispossible, and another lens configuration in which a lens or a lens groupis added to the most image side thereof is also possible. It should benoted that the lens group connotes a unit having at least one lensseparated from other lens groups through an air distance.

Further, in the variable magnification optical systems according to thefirst and the second Embodiments of the present application, in order tovary focusing from an infinitely distance object to a close object, aportion of a lens group, a single lens group in the entirety thereof, ora plurality of lens groups may be configured to move along the opticalaxis as a focusing lens group. It is particularly preferable that atleast a portion of the second lens group, at least a portion of thethird lens group, or at least a portion of the fourth lens group ismoved as the focusing lens group. The focusing lens group can be usedfor auto focus, and suitable for being driven by a motor for auto focus,such as an ultrasonic motor.

Further, in the variable magnification optical systems according to thefirst and the second Embodiments of the present application, any lensgroup in the entirety thereof or a portion thereof can be shifted in adirection including a component perpendicular to the optical axis as avibration reduction lens group, or rotationally moved, that is, swayedin an in-plane direction including the optical axis for correcting animage blur caused by a camera shake. Particularly, in the variablemagnification optical systems according to the first and the secondEmbodiments of the present application, it is preferable that at least aportion of the third lens group or at least a portion of the fourth lensgroup is used as a vibration reduction lens group.

Further, in the variable magnification optical systems according to thefirst and the second Embodiments of the present application, a lenssurface of a lens may be a spherical surface, a plane surface, or anaspherical surface. When a lens surface is a spherical surface or aplane surface, lens processing, assembling and adjustment become easy,and it is possible to prevent deterioration in optical performancecaused by lens processing, assembling and adjustment errors, so that itis preferable. Moreover, even if the image plane is shifted,deterioration in optical performance is little, so that it ispreferable. When a lens surface is an aspherical surface, the asphericalsurface may be fabricated by a grinding process, a glass molding processin which a glass material is formed into an aspherical shape by a mold,or a compound type process in which a resin material provided on a glasslens surface is formed into an aspherical shape. A lens surface may be adiffractive optical surface, and a lens may be a graded-index type lens(GRIN lens) or a plastic lens.

Further, in the variable magnification optical systems according to thefirst and the second Embodiments of the present application, it ispreferable that an aperture stop is disposed in the third lens group orin the vicinity of the third lens group, and the function may besubstituted by a lens frame without disposing a member as an aperturestop.

Moreover, the lens surface(s) of the lenses configuring the variablemagnification optical systems according to the first and the secondEmbodiments of the present application may be coated withanti-reflection coating(s) having a high transmittance in a broad waverange. With this contrivance, it is feasible to reduce a flare as wellas ghost and attain high contrast and high optical performance.

Next, a camera equipped with the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the first or the second Embodiment of the presentapplication will be explained with referring to FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of a camera equipped with thevariable magnification optical system according to the first or thesecond Embodiment of the present application.

The present camera 1 shown in FIG. 7 is a so-called mirrorless camerawith interchangeable lenses equipped with the variable magnificationoptical system according to the first Example as an imaging lens 2.

In the present camera 1, light emitted from an unillustrated object as asubject is converged by the imaging lens 2, so that a subject image isformed on an imaging surface (plane) of an imaging part 3 through anunillustrated OLPF (optical low pass filter). The subject image thenundergoes photoelectric conversion with a photoelectric conversiondevice in the imaging part 3 to produce an image of the subject. Theimage is displayed on an EVF 4 (electronic view finder) mounted on thecamera 1. Accordingly, a photographer can observe the subject throughthe EVF 4.

Moreover, when the photographer presses an unillustrated release buttondown, the subject image generated in the imaging part 3 is stored in anunillustrated memory. In this manner, the photographer can take apicture of a subject by the camera 1.

Here, the variable magnification optical system according to the firstExample installed as the imaging lens 2 in the camera 1 is a variablemagnification optical system that is downsized and has a high variablemagnification ratio and high optical performances. Accordingly, thepresent camera 1 can realize excellent optical performances whileachieving downsizing and high variable magnification ratio.Incidentally, even if a variable magnification optical system accordingto the second or the third Example is installed as an imaging lens 2 ina camera, the same effect as the camera 1 can be obtained. Further, evenif a variable magnification optical system according to each of theabove described Examples is installed in a single-lens reflex camera,which includes a quick return mirror and is capable of observing asubject through a finder optical system, the same effect as the camera 1can be obtained.

Finally, an outline of a method for manufacturing a variablemagnification optical system according to the first and the secondEmbodiments of the present application is described with referring toFIGS. 8 and 9.

The method for manufacturing the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the first embodiment of the present application shown inFIG. 8 is a method for manufacturing a variable magnification opticalsystem comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens grouphaving positive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; an aperture stop, a third lens group having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group having positive refractivepower; and the method comprises the following steps of S11 and S12:

Step S11: Constructing the first lens group to satisfy the followingconditional expression (1) and disposing the first to the fourth lensgroups in a lens barrel in order from an object side:5.300<f1/fw<8.000  (1)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in a wide angle end state, and f1 denotes a focal length of thefirst lens group.

Step S12: Providing a known movement mechanism in a lens barrel andconstructing such that, upon zooming from the wide angle end state to atelephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and theaperture stop, a distance between the aperture stop and the third lensgroup, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lensgroup are varied, and a distance between the aperture stop and thefourth lens group is constant.

The method for manufacturing the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the first embodiment of the present application makes itpossible to manufacture a variable magnification optical system which iscompact in size and has a high variable magnification ratio and highoptical performance.

The method for manufacturing the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the second embodiment of the present application shown inFIG. 9 is a method for manufacturing a variable magnification opticalsystem comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens grouphaving positive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; a third lens group having positive refractive power;and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power; and the methodcomprises the following steps of S21 and S22:

Step S21: Constructing the third lens group and the forth lens group tosatisfy the following conditional expression (3) and disposing the firstto the fourth lens groups in a lens barrel in order from an object side:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550  (3)where fw denotes a focal length of the variable magnification opticalsystem in a wide angle end state, d3w denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the third lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the fourth lens group in the wide angle end state, andd3t denotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of thethird lens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lensgroup in a telephoto end state.

Step S22: Providing a known movement mechanism in a lens barrel andconstructing such that, upon zooming from the wide angle end state tothe telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and thethird lens group, and a distance between the third lens group and thefourth lens group are varied.

The method for manufacturing the variable magnification optical systemaccording to the second embodiment of the present application makes itpossible to manufacture a variable magnification optical system which iscompact in size and has a high variable magnification ratio andexcellent optical performance.

What is claimed is:
 1. A variable magnification optical systemcomprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group havingpositive refractive power; a second lens group having negativerefractive power; an aperture stop; a third lens group having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group having positive refractivepower; upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto endstate, a distance between the first lens group and the second lensgroup, a distance between the second lens group and the aperture stop, adistance between the aperture stop and the third lens group, and adistance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group beingvaried, and a distance between the aperture stop and the fourth lensgroup being constant; and the following conditional expressions beingsatisfied:5.300<f1/fw<8.0000.050<(−f2)/f4<0.250 where fw denotes a focal length of the variablemagnification optical system in the wide-angle end state, f1 denotes afocal length of the first lens group, f2 denotes a focal length of thesecond lens group, and f4 denotes a focal length of the fourth lensgroup.
 2. The variable magnification optical system according to claim1, wherein upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephotoend state, the first lens group is moved toward the object side.
 3. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 1, wherein uponzooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state, thedistance between the first lens group and the second lens group isincreased.
 4. The variable magnification optical system according toclaim 1, wherein upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to thetelephoto end state, the distance between the second lens group and thethird lens group is decreased.
 5. The variable magnification opticalsystem according to claim 1, wherein the following conditionalexpression is satisfied:3.250<(d1t−d1w)/fw<4.200 where fw denotes the focal length of thevariable magnification optical system in the wide angle end state, d1wdenotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of the firstlens group to the most object side lens surface of the second lens groupin the wide-angle end state, and d1t denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the first lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the second lens group in the telephoto end state.
 6. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 1, wherein thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550 where fw denotes the focal length of thevariable magnification optical system in the wide angle end state, d3wdenotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of the thirdlens group to the most object side lens surface of the fourth lens groupin the wide-angle end state, and d3t denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the third lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the fourth lens group in the telephoto end state.
 7. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 1, wherein thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:0.140<(d2it−d2iw)/fw<0.700 where fw denotes the focal length of thevariable magnification optical system in the wide angle end state, d2iwdenotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of the secondlens group to an image plane in the wide-angle end state, and d2itdenotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of the secondlens group to the image plane in the telephoto end state.
 8. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 1, wherein thethird lens group consists of two lenses.
 9. The variable magnificationoptical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditionalexpression is satisfied:0.200<f3/f4<0.650 where f3 denotes a focal length of the third lensgroup, and f4 denotes the focal length of the fourth lens group.
 10. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 1, wherein thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:0.780<f1/f4<1.300 where f1 denotes the focal length of the first lensgroup, and f4 denotes the focal length of the fourth lens group.
 11. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 1, wherein thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:0.740<(−f2)/fw<1.120 where fw denotes the focal length of the variablemagnification optical system in the wide-angle end state, and f2 denotesthe focal length of the second lens group.
 12. An optical apparatusequipped with the variable magnification optical system according toclaim
 1. 13. A variable magnification optical system comprising, inorder from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractivepower; a second lens group having negative refractive power; a thirdlens group having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens grouphaving positive refractive power; upon zooming from a wide-angle endstate to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens groupand the second lens group, a distance between the second lens group andthe third lens group, and a distance between the third lens group andthe fourth lens group being varied; and the following conditionalexpressions being satisfied:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.5500.200<f3/f4<0.650 where fw denotes a focal length of the variablemagnification optical system in the wide angle end state, d3w denotes adistance from the most image side lens surface of the third lens groupto the most object side lens surface of the fourth lens group in thewide angle end state, d3t denotes a distance from the most image sidelens surface of the third lens group to the most object side lenssurface of the fourth lens group in the telephoto end state, f3 denotesa focal length of the third lens group, and f4 denotes a focal length ofthe fourth lens group.
 14. The variable magnification optical systemaccording to claim 13, wherein upon zooming from the wide-angle endstate to the telephoto end state, the first lens group is moved towardthe object side.
 15. The variable magnification optical system accordingto claim 13, wherein upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to thetelephoto end state, the distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group is increased.
 16. The variable magnification opticalsystem according to claim 13, wherein upon zooming from the wide-angleend state to the telephoto end state, the distance between the secondlens group and the third lens group is decreased.
 17. The variablemagnification optical system according to claim 13, wherein thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:3.250<(d1t−d1w)/fw<4.200 where fw denotes the focal length of thevariable magnification optical system in the wide-angle end state, d1wdenotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of the firstlens group to the most object side lens surface of the second lens groupin the wide angle end state, and d1t denotes a distance from the mostimage side lens surface of the first lens group to the most object sidelens surface of the second lens group in the telephoto end state. 18.The variable magnification optical system according to claim 13, whereinthe following conditional expression is satisfied:0.140<(d2it−d2iw)/fw<0.700 where fw denotes the focal length of thevariable magnification optical system in the wide angle end state, d2iwdenotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of the secondlens group to an image plane in the wide-angle end state, and d2itdenotes a distance from the most image side lens surface of the secondlens group to the image plane in the telephoto end state.
 19. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 13, wherein thethird lens group consists of two lenses.
 20. The variable magnificationoptical system according to claim 13, further comprising an aperturestop between the second lens group and the third lens group, and uponzooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state, adistance between the second lens group and the aperture stop and adistance between the aperture stop and the third lens group are varied,and a distance between the aperture stop and the fourth lens group isconstant.
 21. The variable magnification optical system according toclaim 13, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied:0.780<f1/f4<1.300 where f1 denotes a focal length of the first lensgroup, and f4 denotes the focal length of the fourth lens group.
 22. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 13, wherein thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:0.050<(−f2)/f4<0.250 where f2 denotes a focal length of the second lensgroup, and f4 denotes the focal length of the fourth lens group.
 23. Thevariable magnification optical system according to claim 13, wherein thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:0.740<(−f2)/fw<1.120 where fw denotes the focal length of the variablemagnification optical system in the wide-angle end state, and f2 denotesa focal length of the second lens group.
 24. An optical apparatusequipped with the variable magnification optical system according toclaim
 13. 25. A method for manufacturing a variable magnificationoptical system comprising, in order from an object side: a first lensgroup having positive refractive power; a second lens group havingnegative refractive power; an aperture stop; a third lens group havingpositive refractive power; and a fourth lens group having positiverefractive power; the method comprising the steps of: constructing thefirst lens group to satisfy the following conditional expression:5.300<f1/fw<8.000 where fw denotes a focal length of the variablemagnification optical system in a wide-angle end state, and f1 denotes afocal length of the first lens group; constructing such that thefollowing conditional expression is satisfied:0.050<(−f2)/f4<0.250 where f2 denotes a focal length of the second lensgroup, and f4 denotes a focal length of the fourth lens groups; andconstructing such that, upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to atelephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and theaperture stop, a distance between the aperture stop and the third lensgroup, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lensgroup are varied, and a distance between the aperture stop and thefourth lens group is constant.
 26. A method for manufacturing a variablemagnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side: afirst lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens grouphaving negative refractive power; a third lens group having positiverefractive power; and a fourth lens group having positive refractivepower; the method comprising the steps of: constructing the third lensgroup and the fourth lens group to satisfy the following conditionalexpression:0.160<(d3t−d3w)/fw<0.550 where fw denotes a focal length of the variablemagnification optical system in a wide-angle end state, d3w denotes adistance from the most image side lens surface of the third lens groupto the most object side lens surface of the fourth lens group in thewide-angle end state, and d3t denotes a distance from the most imageside lens surface of the third lens group to the most object side lenssurface of the fourth lens group in a telephoto end state; constructingsuch that the following conditional expression is satisfied:0.200<f3/f4<0.650 where f3 denotes a focal length of the third lensgroup, and f4 denotes a focal length of the fourth lens group; andconstructing such that, upon zooming from the wide-angle end state tothe telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and thesecond lens group, a distance between the second lens group and thethird lens group, and a distance between the third lens group and thefourth lens group are varied.